CVE-2024-28960Network attack vector

Crypto-server isolation bypass via mutable shared buffers

Published Mar 29, 2024 · Updated Nov 4, 2025

Improper shared-memory handling in Mbed TLS 2.18.0 through 2.28.7 and 3.0.0 through 3.5.2 allows attackers to bypass crypto-server isolation. The PSA Crypto implementation repeatedly reads input and intermediate buffers and writes intermediate results to attacker-mutable shared memory without first copying or isolating them. Only deployments that separate an untrusted client from a crypto server through shared memory are affected; Mbed Crypto is also affected, and RSA operations can overread buffers or use private keys outside policy.

CVSS severity8.2
High
EPSS probability0.85%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Improper shared-memory handling in Mbed TLS 2.18.0 through 2.28.7 and 3.0.0 through 3.5.2 allows attackers to bypass crypto-server isolation. The PSA Crypto implementation repeatedly reads input and intermediate buffers and writes intermediate results to attacker-mutable shared memory without first copying or isolating them. Only deployments that separate an untrusted client from a crypto server through shared memory are affected; Mbed Crypto is also affected, and RSA operations can overread buffers or use private keys outside policy.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-28960
Published
Mar 29, 2024
Updated
Nov 4, 2025
Vendor
Mbed TLS
Product
Mbed TLS
Classifications
CWE-284
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 29, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.18.0 <2.28.8
  2. Affected versionversion=3.x <3.6.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Mbed TLS · Mbed TLSversion=2.18.0 <2.28.8; version=3.x <3.6.0
Mbed TLS · Mbed Cryptoversion=*

Published CVSS scores

8.2CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-284Improper Access Control

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo