Crypto-server isolation bypass via mutable shared buffers
Published Mar 29, 2024 · Updated Nov 4, 2025
Improper shared-memory handling in Mbed TLS 2.18.0 through 2.28.7 and 3.0.0 through 3.5.2 allows attackers to bypass crypto-server isolation. The PSA Crypto implementation repeatedly reads input and intermediate buffers and writes intermediate results to attacker-mutable shared memory without first copying or isolating them. Only deployments that separate an untrusted client from a crypto server through shared memory are affected; Mbed Crypto is also affected, and RSA operations can overread buffers or use private keys outside policy.
Summary
What happened
Improper shared-memory handling in Mbed TLS 2.18.0 through 2.28.7 and 3.0.0 through 3.5.2 allows attackers to bypass crypto-server isolation. The PSA Crypto implementation repeatedly reads input and intermediate buffers and writes intermediate results to attacker-mutable shared memory without first copying or isolating them. Only deployments that separate an untrusted client from a crypto server through shared memory are affected; Mbed Crypto is also affected, and RSA operations can overread buffers or use private keys outside policy.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2024-28960
- Published
- Mar 29, 2024
- Updated
- Nov 4, 2025
- Vendor
- Mbed TLS
- Product
- Mbed TLS
- Classifications
- CWE-284
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Mar 29, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Nov 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=2.18.0 <2.28.8
- Affected versionversion=3.x <3.6.0
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
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Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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