CVE-2024-28860

Traffic decryption and replay via shared IPsec keys

Published Mar 27, 2024 · Updated Apr 10, 2025

Inadequate IPsec encryption in affected Cilium releases allows man-in-the-middle attackers to decrypt and replay cluster traffic. The IPsec dataplane reused a global key across nodes, causing ESP sequence-number collisions instead of deriving unique per-tunnel keys. Exploitation requires IPsec transparent encryption, multiple nodes sharing the key, and an adjacent attacker able to intercept traffic; confidentiality and integrity are affected, not availability.

CVSS severity8.0
High
EPSS probability0.17%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Inadequate IPsec encryption in affected Cilium releases allows man-in-the-middle attackers to decrypt and replay cluster traffic. The IPsec dataplane reused a global key across nodes, causing ESP sequence-number collisions instead of deriving unique per-tunnel keys. Exploitation requires IPsec transparent encryption, multiple nodes sharing the key, and an adjacent attacker able to intercept traffic; confidentiality and integrity are affected, not availability.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-28860
Published
Mar 27, 2024
Updated
Apr 10, 2025
Vendor
Cilium
Product
Cilium
Classifications
CWE-326, T1557
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 27, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 10, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.13.14
  2. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.14.0
  3. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.14.9
  4. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.15.0
  5. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.15.3
  6. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.4.0
  7. Affected versionversion=>= 1.14.0, < 1.14.9
  8. Affected versionversion=>= 1.15.0, < 1.15.3
  9. Affected versionversion=>= 1.4.0, <= 1.13.14

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Cilium · Ciliumversion=0 <=1.13.14; version=0 <=1.14.0; version=0 <=1.14.9; version=0 <=1.15.0; version=0 <=1.15.3; version=0 <=1.4.0; version=>= 1.14.0, < 1.14.9; version=>= 1.15.0, < 1.15.3; version=>= 1.4.0, <= 1.13.14

Published CVSS scores

8.0GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
6.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-326Inadequate Encryption Strength
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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