CVE-2024-28589

SYSTEM code execution via writable DLL directory

Published Apr 3, 2024 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

Local privilege escalation in Axigen Mail Server for Windows 10.5.18 and earlier allows local users to execute code as SYSTEM. During service initialization, the SYSTEM-level service searches for a nonexistent directory and loads every DLL placed there without restricting writes. A low-privileged local user must create that directory, plant a malicious DLL, and wait for or trigger a service start.

CVSS severity6.7
Medium
EPSS probability0.34%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Local privilege escalation in Axigen Mail Server for Windows 10.5.18 and earlier allows local users to execute code as SYSTEM. During service initialization, the SYSTEM-level service searches for a nonexistent directory and loads every DLL placed there without restricting writes. A low-privileged local user must create that directory, plant a malicious DLL, and wait for or trigger a service start.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-28589
Published
Apr 3, 2024
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
Axigen
Product
Axigen Mail Server
Classifications
CWE-732, T1574.001
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 3, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=10.5.18

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Axigen · Axigen Mail Serverversion=0 <=10.5.18

Published CVSS scores

6.7CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-732Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
T1574.001DLL Search Order Hijacking

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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