CVE-2024-28189Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Sandbox escape via symlink-following chown cleanup

Published Apr 18, 2024 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

Sandbox escape in Judge0 1.13.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute code outside the submission sandbox via a crafted job. In isolate_job.rb, run cleanup passes attacker-controlled run_script to sudo chown without rejecting a symlink that resolves outside the sandbox. Unauthenticated submission access is sufficient; chaining the ownership change with an arbitrary-file write compromises the privileged Docker container and Linux host.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability7.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Sandbox escape in Judge0 1.13.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute code outside the submission sandbox via a crafted job. In isolate_job.rb, run cleanup passes attacker-controlled run_script to sudo chown without rejecting a symlink that resolves outside the sandbox. Unauthenticated submission access is sufficient; chaining the ownership change with an arbitrary-file write compromises the privileged Docker container and Linux host.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-28189
Published
Apr 18, 2024
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
Judge0
Product
Judge0
Classifications
CWE-61, T1611, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 18, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.13.0
  2. Affected versionversion=<= 1.13.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Judge0 · Judge0version=0 <=1.13.0; version=<= 1.13.0

Published CVSS scores

10.0GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-61UNIX Symbolic Link (Symlink) Following
T1611Escape to Host
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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