CVE-2024-28179Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated WebSocket access via skipped authentication

Published Mar 20, 2024 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

Authentication bypass in Jupyter Server Proxy before 3.2.3 and 4.0.0 through 4.1.0 allows remote attackers to access proxied WebSockets. ProxyHandler protected individual proxy methods with an authentication decorator, but Tornado bypassed those methods during WebSocket upgrades, so the upgrade path skipped the check. Network access to a configured proxied WebSocket is required; exposed interactive services can grant unauthenticated code execution, while HTTP-only projects are unaffected.

CVSS severity9.0
Critical
EPSS probability1.03%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Jupyter Server Proxy before 3.2.3 and 4.0.0 through 4.1.0 allows remote attackers to access proxied WebSockets. ProxyHandler protected individual proxy methods with an authentication decorator, but Tornado bypassed those methods during WebSocket upgrades, so the upgrade path skipped the check. Network access to a configured proxied WebSocket is required; exposed interactive services can grant unauthenticated code execution, while HTTP-only projects are unaffected.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-28179
Published
Mar 20, 2024
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
JupyterHub
Product
Jupyter Server Proxy
Classifications
CWE-306, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 20, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 3.2.3
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 4.0.0, < 4.1.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

JupyterHub · Jupyter Server Proxyversion=< 3.2.3; version=>= 4.0.0, < 4.1.1

Published CVSS scores

9.0GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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