CVE-2024-28176Network attack vector

Service interruption via unbounded JWE decompression

Published Mar 9, 2024 · Updated Feb 13, 2025

Resource exhaustion in Panva jose before 2.0.7 and 3.0.0 through 4.15.4 allows remote attackers to interrupt Node.js services. The Node.js JWE decryption path passes decrypted compressed plaintext to zlib inflation without an output-length limit, so a small token can expand beyond application input limits. Exposure requires a Node.js application to decrypt compressed JWEs from untrusted sources; CPU and memory exhaustion can interrupt that service.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability2.10%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Resource exhaustion in Panva jose before 2.0.7 and 3.0.0 through 4.15.4 allows remote attackers to interrupt Node.js services. The Node.js JWE decryption path passes decrypted compressed plaintext to zlib inflation without an output-length limit, so a small token can expand beyond application input limits. Exposure requires a Node.js application to decrypt compressed JWEs from untrusted sources; CPU and memory exhaustion can interrupt that service.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-28176
Published
Mar 9, 2024
Updated
Feb 13, 2025
Vendor
Panva
Product
jose
Classifications
CWE-400, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 9, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.0.7
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 3.0.0, <= 4.15.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Panva · joseversion=< 2.0.7; version=>= 3.0.0, <= 4.15.4

Published CVSS scores

5.3GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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