CVE-2024-28117Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated command execution via unrestricted Twig function

Published Mar 21, 2024 · Updated Aug 13, 2024

Code injection in GetGrav Grav before 1.7.45 allows remote authenticated users to execute operating-system commands through page Twig. Grav's unsandboxed Twig processor lets twig_array_map invoke call_user_func because Utils::isDangerousFunction does not restrict that Twig function. Page creation or editing permission and Twig enabled in page front matter are required; successful exploitation runs commands with the web server process privileges.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability1.39%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in GetGrav Grav before 1.7.45 allows remote authenticated users to execute operating-system commands through page Twig. Grav's unsandboxed Twig processor lets twig_array_map invoke call_user_func because Utils::isDangerousFunction does not restrict that Twig function. Page creation or editing permission and Twig enabled in page front matter are required; successful exploitation runs commands with the web server process privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-28117
Published
Mar 21, 2024
Updated
Aug 13, 2024
Vendor
GetGrav
Product
Grav
Classifications
CWE-94, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 21, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 13, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.7.45
  2. Affected versionversion=< 1.7.45

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

GetGrav · Gravversion=0 <1.7.45; version=< 1.7.45

Published CVSS scores

8.8NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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