CVE-2024-28116Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated code execution via Twig sandbox mutation

Published Mar 21, 2024 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

Server-side template injection in GetGrav Grav before 1.7.45 allows remote authenticated users with editor access to execute server code. A crafted page directive reaches the unprotected Twig object and writes system.twig.safe_functions, causing prohibited PHP functions to be treated as allowed. Page-edit permission and Twig processing are required; saved content can run operating-system commands when the page is rendered.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability5.76%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-side template injection in GetGrav Grav before 1.7.45 allows remote authenticated users with editor access to execute server code. A crafted page directive reaches the unprotected Twig object and writes system.twig.safe_functions, causing prohibited PHP functions to be treated as allowed. Page-edit permission and Twig processing are required; saved content can run operating-system commands when the page is rendered.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-28116
Published
Mar 21, 2024
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
GetGrav
Product
Grav
Classifications
CWE-1336, CWE-94, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 21, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.7.45
  2. Affected versionversion=< 1.7.45

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

GetGrav · Gravversion=0 <1.7.45; version=< 1.7.45

Published CVSS scores

8.8GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1336Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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