CVE-2024-28103Network attack vector

Browser feature restriction bypass via non-HTML responses

Published Jun 4, 2024 · Updated Dec 6, 2024

Security header omission in Ruby on Rails Action Pack allows remote attackers to bypass browser feature restrictions through non-HTML responses. ActionDispatch::PermissionsPolicy.call returns before adding the Permissions-Policy header whenever the response Content-Type does not contain "html". Exposure requires an application-defined policy, a non-HTML response such as JSON, XML, or SVG, and user interaction; absent restrictions permit browser features the policy was intended to block.

CVSS severity5.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.66%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Security header omission in Ruby on Rails Action Pack allows remote attackers to bypass browser feature restrictions through non-HTML responses. ActionDispatch::PermissionsPolicy.call returns before adding the Permissions-Policy header whenever the response Content-Type does not contain "html". Exposure requires an application-defined policy, a non-HTML response such as JSON, XML, or SVG, and user interaction; absent restrictions permit browser features the policy was intended to block.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-28103
Published
Jun 4, 2024
Updated
Dec 6, 2024
Vendor
Rails
Product
Ruby on Rails
Classifications
CWE-20
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 4, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 6, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 6.1.0.0, < 6.1.7.8
  2. Affected versionversion=6.1.0.0 <6.1.78
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 7.0.0.0, < 7.0.8.4
  4. Affected versionversion=7.0.0.0 <7.0.8.4
  5. Affected versionversion=>= 7.1.0.0, < 7.1.3.4
  6. Affected versionversion=7.1.0.0 <7.1.3.4
  7. Affected versionversion=>= 7.2.0.beta1, < 7.2.0.beta2
  8. Affected versionversion=7.2.0.beta1 <7.2.0.beta2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Rails · Ruby on Railsversion=>= 6.1.0.0, < 6.1.7.8; version=6.1.0.0 <6.1.78; version=>= 7.0.0.0, < 7.0.8.4; version=7.0.0.0 <7.0.8.4; version=>= 7.1.0.0, < 7.1.3.4; version=7.1.0.0 <7.1.3.4; version=>= 7.2.0.beta1, < 7.2.0.beta2; version=7.2.0.beta1 <7.2.0.beta2

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.4GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-20Improper Input Validation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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