CVE-2024-25431Public exploit

Privilege escalation via imported WASI export underflow

Published Nov 8, 2024 · Updated Nov 13, 2024

Out-of-bounds read in WebAssembly Micro Runtime before b3f728c allows remote attackers to escalate privileges via a crafted Wasm file. The WASI compatibility check subtracts the import count from an imported _start or _initialize index and uses the underflowed value to index the function table. A runtime must load the attacker-supplied module; the public reproduction demonstrates a process crash, while the advisory also reports disclosure and privilege escalation.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.63%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds read in WebAssembly Micro Runtime before b3f728c allows remote attackers to escalate privileges via a crafted Wasm file. The WASI compatibility check subtracts the import count from an imported _start or _initialize index and uses the underflowed value to index the function table. A runtime must load the attacker-supplied module; the public reproduction demonstrates a process crash, while the advisory also reports disclosure and privilege escalation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-25431
Published
Nov 8, 2024
Updated
Nov 13, 2024
Vendor
Bytecode Alliance
Product
WebAssembly Micro Runtime
Classifications
CWE-125, T1203
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 8, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 13, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <b3f728c

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Bytecode Alliance · WebAssembly Micro Runtimeversion=0 <b3f728c

Published CVSS scores

7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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