CVE-2024-25189Network attack vector

Authentication bypass via nonconstant-time HMAC signature comparison

Published Feb 8, 2024 · Updated Aug 26, 2024

Authentication bypass in LibJWT 1.15.3 allows remote attackers to forge HMAC-signed JWTs through a timing side channel. The jwt_verify_sha_hmac paths pass computed and supplied signatures to strcmp, whose early-exit comparison leaks prefix-match timing. Exploitation requires repeated measurements against an application exposing HMAC JWT verification; upstream local testing did not reproduce a reliable attack.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.95%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in LibJWT 1.15.3 allows remote attackers to forge HMAC-signed JWTs through a timing side channel. The jwt_verify_sha_hmac paths pass computed and supplied signatures to strcmp, whose early-exit comparison leaks prefix-match timing. Exploitation requires repeated measurements against an application exposing HMAC JWT verification; upstream local testing did not reproduce a reliable attack.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-25189
Published
Feb 8, 2024
Updated
Aug 26, 2024
Vendor
LibJWT
Product
LibJWT
Classifications
CWE-203, T1606
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 8, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 26, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.15.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

LibJWT · LibJWTversion=1.15.3

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-203Observable Discrepancy
T1606Forge Web Credentials

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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