Process crash via recursive stack-overflow handling
Published Jul 7, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025
Out-of-bounds read in LuaJIT 2.1 and earlier and OpenResty luajit2 before 2.1-20240314 allows remote attackers to crash a process. A stack-overflow error handler can exhaust the remaining Lua stack before lj_state_growstack allocates emergency space, after which gc_sweep reads beyond the gc_freefunc table. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled Lua code to trigger recursive stack growth; the demonstrated outcome is process termination rather than code execution.
Summary
What happened
Out-of-bounds read in LuaJIT 2.1 and earlier and OpenResty luajit2 before 2.1-20240314 allows remote attackers to crash a process. A stack-overflow error handler can exhaust the remaining Lua stack before lj_state_growstack allocates emergency space, after which gc_sweep reads beyond the gc_freefunc table. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled Lua code to trigger recursive stack growth; the demonstrated outcome is process termination rather than code execution.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2024-25178
- Published
- Jul 7, 2025
- Updated
- Nov 3, 2025
- Vendor
- Unknown vendor
- Product
- Unknown product
- Classifications
- CWE-125, T1499.004
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Jul 7, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
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What is affected?
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Published CVSS scores
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Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Public exploit references
- LuaJIT stack-overflow handler reproducerproof of concept · demonstrated
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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