CVE-2024-21878Known exploitationPublic exploit

Root command execution via unsanitized filename eval

Published Aug 10, 2024 · Updated Mar 11, 2025

OS command injection in Enphase IQ Gateway 4.x through 8.2.4224 allows local users with high privileges to execute commands as root. The device's /etc/profile iterates .cols files in /opt/emu/db and passes a filename-derived value to shell eval without sanitizing metacharacters. Standalone exploitation requires high local privileges; a path-traversal and cache-file chain lets remote attackers plant a filename that executes during the daily job or a reboot.

CVSS severity7.1
High
EPSS probability1.43%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in Enphase IQ Gateway 4.x through 8.2.4224 allows local users with high privileges to execute commands as root. The device's /etc/profile iterates .cols files in /opt/emu/db and passes a filename-derived value to shell eval without sanitizing metacharacters. Standalone exploitation requires high local privileges; a path-traversal and cache-file chain lets remote attackers plant a filename that executes during the daily job or a reboot.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-21878
Published
Aug 10, 2024
Updated
Mar 11, 2025
Vendor
Enphase Energy
Product
Envoy Communications Gateway
Classifications
CWE-77, CWE-78, CAPEC-88, T1059.004, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 10, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.0 <8.2.4225
  2. Affected versionversion=4.x
  3. Affected versionversion=5.x
  4. Affected versionversion=6.x
  5. Affected versionversion=7.x
  6. Affected versionversion=8.x <8.2.4225

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Enphase Energy · Envoy Communications Gatewayversion=4.0 <8.2.4225; version=4.x; version=5.x; version=6.x; version=7.x; version=8.x <8.2.4225

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST National Vulnerability DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.1Dutch Institute for Vulnerability DisclosureCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/S:P/AU:Y/R:I/V:C/RE:H
9.2Dutch Institute for Vulnerability DisclosureCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/S:P/AU:Y/R:I/V:C/RE:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CAPEC-88OS Command Injection
T1059.004Unix Shell
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

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