CVE-2024-12720Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Service interruption via exponential regex backtracking

Published Mar 20, 2025 · Updated Mar 20, 2025

ReDoS in Nougat token post-processing in Hugging Face Transformers before 4.48.0 allows remote attackers to interrupt services via crafted text. NougatTokenizerFast.post_process_single applies a nested quantified heading regex to attacker-controlled generation text, causing exponential backtracking. Exposure requires an application to pass untrusted generated text through Nougat post-processing; a trigger consumes excessive CPU and can halt that application.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.72%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

ReDoS in Nougat token post-processing in Hugging Face Transformers before 4.48.0 allows remote attackers to interrupt services via crafted text. NougatTokenizerFast.post_process_single applies a nested quantified heading regex to attacker-controlled generation text, causing exponential backtracking. Exposure requires an application to pass untrusted generated text through Nougat post-processing; a trigger consumes excessive CPU and can halt that application.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-12720
Published
Mar 20, 2025
Updated
Mar 20, 2025
Vendor
Hugging Face
Product
Hugging Face Transformers
Classifications
CWE-1333, T1499
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 20, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 20, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <4.48.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Hugging Face · Hugging Face Transformersversion=unspecified <4.48.0

Published CVSS scores

7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.3huntr.devCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1333Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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