CVE-2024-1085Public exploit

Local privilege escalation via catch-all element double free

Published Jan 31, 2024 · Updated May 29, 2025

Use-after-free in Linux Kernel 5.13 through 6.7 allows local users to gain root privileges through crafted nf_tables transactions. nft_setelem_catchall_deactivate() tests a catch-all element against the current generation, marks it inactive only for the next generation, and can free the same element twice when two deletions share a batch. Exploitation requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in a user namespace with CONFIG_NETFILTER and CONFIG_NF_TABLES enabled; successful heap reuse grants root code execution, while failed attempts can crash the system.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.28%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Use-after-free in Linux Kernel 5.13 through 6.7 allows local users to gain root privileges through crafted nf_tables transactions. nft_setelem_catchall_deactivate() tests a catch-all element against the current generation, marks it inactive only for the next generation, and can free the same element twice when two deletions share a batch. Exploitation requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in a user namespace with CONFIG_NETFILTER and CONFIG_NF_TABLES enabled; successful heap reuse grants root code execution, while failed attempts can crash the system.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-1085
Published
Jan 31, 2024
Updated
May 29, 2025
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux Kernel
Classifications
CWE-416, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 31, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=5.13 <6.8

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linux Kernelversion=5.13 <6.8

Published CVSS scores

6.6Oracle LinuxCVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H
7.8National Vulnerability Database via GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-416Use After Free
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo