CVE-2024-0391Network attack vector

Username enumeration via account-lock response discrepancy

Published May 11, 2026 · Updated May 11, 2026

Username enumeration in the Email OTP flow in affected WSO2 products allows remote attackers to identify registered accounts. During initiateAuthenticationRequest, the authenticator checks account-lock state for an attacker-supplied username and produces behavior that differs when the account exists. No authentication or user interaction is required; disclosure is limited to account existence, which supports targeted password and social-engineering attacks.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.18%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Username enumeration in the Email OTP flow in affected WSO2 products allows remote attackers to identify registered accounts. During initiateAuthenticationRequest, the authenticator checks account-lock state for an attacker-supplied username and produces behavior that differs when the account exists. No authentication or user interaction is required; disclosure is limited to account existence, which supports targeted password and social-engineering attacks.

The record

CVE
CVE-2024-0391
Published
May 11, 2026
Updated
May 11, 2026
Vendor
WSO2
Product
WSO2 Identity Server EmailOTP Authenticator
Classifications
CWE-204, CAPEC-249, T1589.003
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 11, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3.0.24 <3.0.24.6
  2. Affected versionversion=3.0.26 <3.0.26.16
  3. Affected versionversion=3.0.5 <3.0.5.8
  4. Affected versionversion=4.1.0 <4.1.0.8
  5. Affected versionversion=4.1.4 <4.1.4.9

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

WSO2 · WSO2 Identity Server EmailOTP Authenticatorversion=3.0.24 <3.0.24.6; version=3.0.26 <3.0.26.16; version=3.0.5 <3.0.5.8; version=4.1.0 <4.1.0.8; version=4.1.4 <4.1.4.9
WSO2 · WSO2 Identity Serverversion=5.10.0 <5.10.0.379; version=5.11.0 <5.11.0.426; version=5.11.0 <5.11.0.431; version=6.0.0 <6.0.0.253; version=6.1.0 <6.1.0.254; version=7.0.0 <7.0.0.131
WSO2 · WSO2 Open Banking IAMversion=2.0.0 <2.0.0.318
WSO2 · Email OTP Authenticatorversion=1.0.18 <1.0.18.7
WSO2 · WSO2 Identity Server as Key Managerversion=5.10.0 <5.10.0.267

Published CVSS scores

4.3NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
5.3WSO2 LLCCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-204Observable Response Discrepancy
CAPEC-249Inferential Information Gathering
T1589.003Gather Victim Identity Information: Employee Names

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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