CVE-2023-6572Network attack vector

Command injection via unquoted workflow expression

Published Dec 14, 2023 · Updated May 22, 2025

Command injection in the Gradio GitHub Actions workflow before commit 5b5af18 allows attackers to execute commands via crafted branch data. The generate-changeset workflow echoed the unquoted github.event.workflow_run.head_repository.full_name and head_branch expressions in a shell run step, allowing shell metacharacters from attacker-controlled workflow metadata to alter command execution. Exploitation requires control of workflow-run branch or repository data and access to the project's CI workflow; the released Gradio package is not affected.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability1.72%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in the Gradio GitHub Actions workflow before commit 5b5af18 allows attackers to execute commands via crafted branch data. The generate-changeset workflow echoed the unquoted github.event.workflow_run.head_repository.full_name and head_branch expressions in a shell run step, allowing shell metacharacters from attacker-controlled workflow metadata to alter command execution. Exploitation requires control of workflow-run branch or repository data and access to the project's CI workflow; the released Gradio package is not affected.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-6572
Published
Dec 14, 2023
Updated
May 22, 2025
Vendor
Gradio
Product
Gradio
Classifications
CWE-77, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 14, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 22, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <main

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Gradio · Gradioversion=unspecified <main

Published CVSS scores

8.1NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
9.6HuntrCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059.004Command and Scripting Interpreter: Unix Shell

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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