CVE-2023-54225

Service interruption via unsupported hashed-table reset

Published Dec 30, 2025 · Updated Dec 30, 2025

A transaction reference-count underflow in Linux kernel 6.1 allows local users with high privileges to interrupt service during modem shutdown. The IPA table cleanup code allocates transactions to zero hashed filter and routing tables even when hashing is unsupported, leaving unused transactions that are later committed. Reaching the affected cleanup path requires an IPA modem configuration without hashing support; the reported consequence is confined to availability during shutdown.

CVSS severity4.1
Medium
EPSS probability0.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

A transaction reference-count underflow in Linux kernel 6.1 allows local users with high privileges to interrupt service during modem shutdown. The IPA table cleanup code allocates transactions to zero hashed filter and routing tables even when hashing is unsupported, leaving unused transactions that are later committed. Reaching the affected cleanup path requires an IPA modem configuration without hashing support; the reported consequence is confined to availability during shutdown.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-54225
Published
Dec 30, 2025
Updated
Dec 30, 2025
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
Unavailable
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 30, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 30, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=6.1
  2. Affected versionversion=d338ae28d8a866c57fcac38f3d77bcc1d1702d19 <50c24f0c940728792c8bdf65c1eaf6b91b3b0dcd
  3. Affected versionversion=d338ae28d8a866c57fcac38f3d77bcc1d1702d19 <c00af3a818cc573e10100cc6770f0e47befa1fa4
  4. Affected versionversion=d338ae28d8a866c57fcac38f3d77bcc1d1702d19 <e11ec2b868af2b351c6c1e2e50eb711cc5423a10

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=6.1; version=d338ae28d8a866c57fcac38f3d77bcc1d1702d19 <50c24f0c940728792c8bdf65c1eaf6b91b3b0dcd; version=d338ae28d8a866c57fcac38f3d77bcc1d1702d19 <c00af3a818cc573e10100cc6770f0e47befa1fa4; version=d338ae28d8a866c57fcac38f3d77bcc1d1702d19 <e11ec2b868af2b351c6c1e2e50eb711cc5423a10

Published CVSS scores

4.1Amazon LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

No sourced classifications are available.

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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