CVE-2023-54184Network attack vector

Remote kernel crash via late recovery-command cleanup

Published Dec 30, 2025 · Updated Dec 30, 2025

Use-after-free in the Linux kernel iSCSI target allows remote attackers to crash the kernel through abandoned recovery sessions. iscsit_close_session frees the session before iscsit_free_connection_recovery_entries releases commands that still reference its command map and tag pool. Reachability requires a TCP/3260 LIO target that accepts ERL=2 sessions; expiration of Time2Retain can produce a kernel oops or panic.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.55%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Use-after-free in the Linux kernel iSCSI target allows remote attackers to crash the kernel through abandoned recovery sessions. iscsit_close_session frees the session before iscsit_free_connection_recovery_entries releases commands that still reference its command map and tag pool. Reachability requires a TCP/3260 LIO target that accepts ERL=2 sessions; expiration of Time2Retain can produce a kernel oops or panic.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-54184
Published
Dec 30, 2025
Updated
Dec 30, 2025
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 30, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 30, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <1911cca5916b6e106de7afa3ec0a38447158216c
  2. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <4621e24c9257c6379343bf0c11b473817cf7edcd
  3. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <4ce221d295f53e6c6b835ab33181e735482c9aac
  4. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <89f5055f9b0b57c7e7f02e32df95ef401f809b71
  5. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <a7a4def6c7046e090bb10c6d550fdeb487db98ba
  6. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <d8990b5a4d065f38f35d69bcd627ec5a7f8330ca

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <1911cca5916b6e106de7afa3ec0a38447158216c; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <4621e24c9257c6379343bf0c11b473817cf7edcd; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <4ce221d295f53e6c6b835ab33181e735482c9aac; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <89f5055f9b0b57c7e7f02e32df95ef401f809b71; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <a7a4def6c7046e090bb10c6d550fdeb487db98ba; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <d8990b5a4d065f38f35d69bcd627ec5a7f8330ca

Published CVSS scores

9.8LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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