CVE-2023-54165

Host crash via zsmalloc LRU update race

Published Dec 30, 2025 · Updated Dec 30, 2025

Race condition in the Linux kernel 6.2 through 6.3.4 allows local users to crash the kernel through concurrent zswap store and reclaim. zsmalloc updates a zspage's LRU entry in zs_map_object after releasing pool->lock, allowing reclaim to delete and poison the same entry before a second list_del operation. Reachability requires memory pressure, zswap using zsmalloc, and an interleaving of store and reclaim; the resulting list corruption interrupts the host.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.14%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Race condition in the Linux kernel 6.2 through 6.3.4 allows local users to crash the kernel through concurrent zswap store and reclaim. zsmalloc updates a zspage's LRU entry in zs_map_object after releasing pool->lock, allowing reclaim to delete and poison the same entry before a second list_del operation. Reachability requires memory pressure, zswap using zsmalloc, and an interleaving of store and reclaim; the resulting list corruption interrupts the host.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-54165
Published
Dec 30, 2025
Updated
Dec 30, 2025
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 30, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 30, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=6.2
  2. Affected versionversion=64f768c6b32e1957e2b65b70e97cb4cb62344bc4 <d461aac924b937bcb4fd0ca1242b3ef6868ecddd
  3. Affected versionversion=64f768c6b32e1957e2b65b70e97cb4cb62344bc4 <e95adf7486f2cb5f1bb303113ca30460951923e9

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=6.2; version=64f768c6b32e1957e2b65b70e97cb4cb62344bc4 <d461aac924b937bcb4fd0ca1242b3ef6868ecddd; version=64f768c6b32e1957e2b65b70e97cb4cb62344bc4 <e95adf7486f2cb5f1bb303113ca30460951923e9

Published CVSS scores

7.8LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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