CVE-2023-54155Public exploit

Kernel warning via valid higher-order XDP frames

Published Dec 24, 2025 · Updated Dec 24, 2025

Reachable assertion in the Linux kernel 5.12 through 6.4.10 allows local users to trigger a kernel warning through XDP packet handling. In net/core/filter.c, bpf_xdp_adjust_tail() warns and returns EINVAL whenever frame_sz exceeds PAGE_SIZE, although xdp_init_buff permits valid higher-order contiguous frames. Reaching the demonstrated TUN/XDP path requires elevated network and BPF privileges; the documented result is a one-time warning and rejected tail adjustment, not a crash, memory corruption, or privilege escalation.

CVSS severityUnavailable
Unscored
EPSS probability0.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Reachable assertion in the Linux kernel 5.12 through 6.4.10 allows local users to trigger a kernel warning through XDP packet handling. In net/core/filter.c, bpf_xdp_adjust_tail() warns and returns EINVAL whenever frame_sz exceeds PAGE_SIZE, although xdp_init_buff permits valid higher-order contiguous frames. Reaching the demonstrated TUN/XDP path requires elevated network and BPF privileges; the documented result is a one-time warning and rejected tail adjustment, not a crash, memory corruption, or privilege escalation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-54155
Published
Dec 24, 2025
Updated
Dec 24, 2025
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
Unavailable
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 24, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=43b5169d8355ccf26d726fbc75f083b2429113e4 <20acffcdc2b74fb7dcc4e299f7aca173df89d911
  2. Affected versionversion=43b5169d8355ccf26d726fbc75f083b2429113e4 <a09c258cfa77d3ba0a7acc555c73eb6b005c4bd8
  3. Affected versionversion=43b5169d8355ccf26d726fbc75f083b2429113e4 <d14eea09edf427fa36bd446f4a3271f99164202f
  4. Affected versionversion=43b5169d8355ccf26d726fbc75f083b2429113e4 <d9252d67ed2f921c230bba449ee051b5c32e4841
  5. Affected versionversion=5.12

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=43b5169d8355ccf26d726fbc75f083b2429113e4 <20acffcdc2b74fb7dcc4e299f7aca173df89d911; version=43b5169d8355ccf26d726fbc75f083b2429113e4 <a09c258cfa77d3ba0a7acc555c73eb6b005c4bd8; version=43b5169d8355ccf26d726fbc75f083b2429113e4 <d14eea09edf427fa36bd446f4a3271f99164202f; version=43b5169d8355ccf26d726fbc75f083b2429113e4 <d9252d67ed2f921c230bba449ee051b5c32e4841; version=5.12

Published CVSS scores

No CVSS assessment is available in this record.

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

No sourced classifications are available.

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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