CVE-2023-54151

Kernel crash via unchecked f2fs free sections

Published Dec 24, 2025 · Updated Dec 24, 2025

Out-of-bounds access in Linux f2fs allows local users to crash the kernel through writes that exhaust an LFS-mode volume. During foreground garbage collection, f2fs_balance_fs() checkpoints without first confirming that enough free sections remain, allowing migrated dirty node and dentry pages to drive segment metadata past its valid bounds. Exploitation requires write access to an already mounted f2fs volume in LFS mode; the resulting memory access can also disclose kernel data, corrupt metadata, or wedge allocations.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.15%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds access in Linux f2fs allows local users to crash the kernel through writes that exhaust an LFS-mode volume. During foreground garbage collection, f2fs_balance_fs() checkpoints without first confirming that enough free sections remain, allowing migrated dirty node and dentry pages to drive segment metadata past its valid bounds. Exploitation requires write access to an already mounted f2fs volume in LFS mode; the resulting memory access can also disclose kernel data, corrupt metadata, or wedge allocations.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-54151
Published
Dec 24, 2025
Updated
Dec 24, 2025
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 24, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <ce71c61d661cfac3f097af928995abfcebd2b8c5
  2. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <d11cef14f8146f3babd286c2cc8ca09c166295e2
  3. Affected versionversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <f4631d295ae3fff9e240ab78dc17f4b83d14f7bc

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <ce71c61d661cfac3f097af928995abfcebd2b8c5; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <d11cef14f8146f3babd286c2cc8ca09c166295e2; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <f4631d295ae3fff9e240ab78dc17f4b83d14f7bc

Published CVSS scores

7.8Linux Kernel CVE TeamCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499.004Endpoint Denial of Service: Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo