CVE-2023-54104

Kernel memory corruption via off-by-one NAND chip index

Published Dec 24, 2025 · Updated Dec 24, 2025

Out-of-bounds access in affected Linux kernel branches allows local users to corrupt kernel memory through NAND I/O. The fsl_upm fun_exec_op() function accepts op-cs equal to NAND_MAX_CHIPS, then uses it to index the shorter mchip_offsets and rnb_gpio arrays. An unprivileged local user needs access to a mounted filesystem backed by an fsl_upm NAND controller; the invalid index can disclose kernel or device state, write unintended MMIO registers, or crash the kernel.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.16%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds access in affected Linux kernel branches allows local users to corrupt kernel memory through NAND I/O. The fsl_upm fun_exec_op() function accepts op-cs equal to NAND_MAX_CHIPS, then uses it to index the shorter mchip_offsets and rnb_gpio arrays. An unprivileged local user needs access to a mounted filesystem backed by an fsl_upm NAND controller; the invalid index can disclose kernel or device state, write unintended MMIO registers, or crash the kernel.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-54104
Published
Dec 24, 2025
Updated
Dec 24, 2025
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 24, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=54309d65776755bcdb9dcf3744cd764fc1e254ea <1f09d67d390647f83f8f9d26382b0daa43756e6f
  2. Affected versionversion=54309d65776755bcdb9dcf3744cd764fc1e254ea <49e57caf967a969f6b955c88805f2d160910aa12
  3. Affected versionversion=54309d65776755bcdb9dcf3744cd764fc1e254ea <c6abce60338aa2080973cd95be0aedad528bb41f
  4. Affected versionversion=54309d65776755bcdb9dcf3744cd764fc1e254ea <eb7a5e4d14c8659cb97db6863316280e15f67209
  5. Affected versionversion=54309d65776755bcdb9dcf3744cd764fc1e254ea <f4b700c71802c81e6f9dce362ee7a0312c8377ba
  6. Affected versionversion=5.9

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=54309d65776755bcdb9dcf3744cd764fc1e254ea <1f09d67d390647f83f8f9d26382b0daa43756e6f; version=54309d65776755bcdb9dcf3744cd764fc1e254ea <49e57caf967a969f6b955c88805f2d160910aa12; version=54309d65776755bcdb9dcf3744cd764fc1e254ea <c6abce60338aa2080973cd95be0aedad528bb41f; version=54309d65776755bcdb9dcf3744cd764fc1e254ea <eb7a5e4d14c8659cb97db6863316280e15f67209; version=54309d65776755bcdb9dcf3744cd764fc1e254ea <f4b700c71802c81e6f9dce362ee7a0312c8377ba; version=5.9

Published CVSS scores

7.8kernel.orgCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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