CVE-2023-54068

System panic via duplicate F2FS page writeback

Published Dec 24, 2025 · Updated Dec 24, 2025

Race condition in F2FS compression in Linux allows local users to panic the system through concurrent writes to a compressed file. f2fs_write_raw_pages releases page locks and starts a second writeback without waiting for the page's existing writeback to finish, causing folio_end_writeback to hit BUG(). Exploitation requires write access to a compression-enabled F2FS file; timing determines whether the race panics the kernel, exposes reused kernel-page contents, or corrupts F2FS data.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.15%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Race condition in F2FS compression in Linux allows local users to panic the system through concurrent writes to a compressed file. f2fs_write_raw_pages releases page locks and starts a second writeback without waiting for the page's existing writeback to finish, causing folio_end_writeback to hit BUG(). Exploitation requires write access to a compression-enabled F2FS file; timing determines whether the race panics the kernel, exposes reused kernel-page contents, or corrupts F2FS data.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-54068
Published
Dec 24, 2025
Updated
Dec 24, 2025
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 24, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <169134da419cb8ffbe3b0743bc24573e16952ea9
  2. Affected versionversion=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <6604df2a9d07ba8f8fb1ac14046c2c83776faa4f
  3. Affected versionversion=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <9940877c4fe752923a53f0f7372f2f152b6eccf0
  4. Affected versionversion=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <a8226a45b2a9ce83ba7a167a387a00fecc319e71
  5. Affected versionversion=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <ad31eed06c3b4d63b2d38322a271d4009aee4bb3
  6. Affected versionversion=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <babedcbac164cec970872b8097401ca913a80e61
  7. Affected versionversion=5.6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <169134da419cb8ffbe3b0743bc24573e16952ea9; version=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <6604df2a9d07ba8f8fb1ac14046c2c83776faa4f; version=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <9940877c4fe752923a53f0f7372f2f152b6eccf0; version=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <a8226a45b2a9ce83ba7a167a387a00fecc319e71; version=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <ad31eed06c3b4d63b2d38322a271d4009aee4bb3; version=4c8ff7095bef64fc47e996a938f7d57f9e077da3 <babedcbac164cec970872b8097401ca913a80e61; version=5.6

Published CVSS scores

7.8Linux CNACVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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