Kernel warning via mismatched block-device holder
Published Dec 9, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026
A holder mismatch in Linux 6.5 allows local users to trigger a kernel warning by racing MD device addition and removal through sysfs. export_rdev() can acquire a block device with rdev after mddev->external changes to 1 but release it with claim_rdev, pairing blkdev_get_by_dev() and blkdev_put() with different holders. Reachability requires local write access to MD sysfs controls and the external-metadata transition; the published reproducer demonstrates a warning, not a crash or code execution.
Summary
What happened
A holder mismatch in Linux 6.5 allows local users to trigger a kernel warning by racing MD device addition and removal through sysfs. export_rdev() can acquire a block device with rdev after mddev->external changes to 1 but release it with claim_rdev, pairing blkdev_get_by_dev() and blkdev_put() with different holders. Reachability requires local write access to MD sysfs controls and the external-metadata transition; the published reproducer demonstrates a warning, not a crash or code execution.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2023-53791
- Published
- Dec 9, 2025
- Updated
- May 11, 2026
- Vendor
- The Linux Kernel Organization
- Product
- Linux
- Classifications
- Unavailable
- Attack vector
- local
- Privileges
- admin
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Dec 9, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=6.5
- Affected versionversion=a1d7671910965ca9f8f0377e7e3bfd1179fba4d8 <99892147f028d711f9d40fefad4f33632593864c
- Affected versionversion=a1d7671910965ca9f8f0377e7e3bfd1179fba4d8 <99fcd427178d0f58f5520f8f01df727f8eaeb2c7
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
No sourced classifications are available.
Public exploit references
- mdadm 23rdev-lifetime reproducerproof of concept · demonstrated
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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