Kernel panic via preempted ftrace jump patching
Published Oct 22, 2025 · Updated Oct 22, 2025
Race condition in RISC-V dynamic ftrace in Linux 5.12 through 6.1.22 and 6.2 through 6.2.2 allows local users to crash the kernel. Preemption can split execution between an AUIPC instruction and its paired JALR while ftrace rewrites the target, combining stale upper address bits with updated lower bits and jumping to an invalid address. The race requires a preemptible RISC-V kernel with dynamic ftrace activity; a successful trigger panics the host rather than exposing a network service.
Summary
What happened
Race condition in RISC-V dynamic ftrace in Linux 5.12 through 6.1.22 and 6.2 through 6.2.2 allows local users to crash the kernel. Preemption can split execution between an AUIPC instruction and its paired JALR while ftrace rewrites the target, combining stale upper address bits with updated lower bits and jumping to an invalid address. The race requires a preemptible RISC-V kernel with dynamic ftrace activity; a successful trigger panics the host rather than exposing a network service.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2023-53694
- Published
- Oct 22, 2025
- Updated
- Oct 22, 2025
- Vendor
- The Linux Kernel Organization
- Product
- Linux
- Classifications
- T1499
- Attack vector
- local
- Privileges
- authenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Oct 22, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Oct 22, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.
Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=5.12
- Affected versionversion=afc76b8b80112189b6f11e67e19cf58301944814 <20a7510e781084364691b4962de31de758194cc9
- Affected versionversion=afc76b8b80112189b6f11e67e19cf58301944814 <84cfcf240f4a577733b1d98fcd2611a611612b03
- Affected versionversion=afc76b8b80112189b6f11e67e19cf58301944814 <8547649981e6631328cd64f583667501ae385531
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
No public exploit references are available in this record.
Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.
Technologies
Your stack
See the directory against your own environment.
Your stack
Check the software in your environment
Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.
Book a demo