CVE-2023-53221

Service interruption via leaked BPF trampoline images

Published Sep 15, 2025 · Updated Sep 15, 2025

Memory leak in the Linux kernel 5.12 through 6.4.3 allows local users to interrupt service through failed BPF fentry attachment. In kernel/bpf/trampoline.c, an error path from bpf_trampoline_update returns without freeing the newly allocated executable trampoline image or releasing its charged page. Reachability requires permission to load and attach tracing BPF programs; repeated failures retain kernel memory and can eventually hang or crash the host.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.15%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Memory leak in the Linux kernel 5.12 through 6.4.3 allows local users to interrupt service through failed BPF fentry attachment. In kernel/bpf/trampoline.c, an error path from bpf_trampoline_update returns without freeing the newly allocated executable trampoline image or releasing its charged page. Reachability requires permission to load and attach tracing BPF programs; repeated failures retain kernel memory and can eventually hang or crash the host.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-53221
Published
Sep 15, 2025
Updated
Sep 15, 2025
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
CWE-401, T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 15, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 15, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=5.12
  2. Affected versionversion=85d177f56e5256e14b74a65940f981f6e3e8bb32
  3. Affected versionversion=e21aa341785c679dd409c8cb71f864c00fe6c463 <108598c39eefbedc9882273ac0df96127a629220
  4. Affected versionversion=e21aa341785c679dd409c8cb71f864c00fe6c463 <20109ddd5bea2c24d790debf5d02584ef24c3f5e
  5. Affected versionversion=e21aa341785c679dd409c8cb71f864c00fe6c463 <6aa27775db63ba8c7c73891c7dfb71ddc230c48d
  6. Affected versionversion=e21aa341785c679dd409c8cb71f864c00fe6c463 <f72c67d1a82dada7d6d504c806e111e913721a30
  7. Affected versionversion=e21d2b92354b3cd25dd774ebb0f0e52ff04a7861

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=5.12; version=85d177f56e5256e14b74a65940f981f6e3e8bb32; version=e21aa341785c679dd409c8cb71f864c00fe6c463 <108598c39eefbedc9882273ac0df96127a629220; version=e21aa341785c679dd409c8cb71f864c00fe6c463 <20109ddd5bea2c24d790debf5d02584ef24c3f5e; version=e21aa341785c679dd409c8cb71f864c00fe6c463 <6aa27775db63ba8c7c73891c7dfb71ddc230c48d; version=e21aa341785c679dd409c8cb71f864c00fe6c463 <f72c67d1a82dada7d6d504c806e111e913721a30; version=e21d2b92354b3cd25dd774ebb0f0e52ff04a7861

Published CVSS scores

5.5CISA ADP VulnrichmentCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-401Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
T1499.004Endpoint Denial of Service: Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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