CVE-2023-52928

Service interruption via invalid kfunc verifier backtracking

Published Mar 27, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026

Denial of service in the Linux kernel BPF verifier allows local users to interrupt service by loading a crafted BPF program. In backtrack_insn, verifier backtracking processes an invalid kfunc call previously skipped by check_kfunc_call when dead-code elimination leaves the instruction reachable, producing a verifier warning. Low-privilege local access is required; the published impact is limited to availability, with no confidentiality or integrity loss.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.24%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Denial of service in the Linux kernel BPF verifier allows local users to interrupt service by loading a crafted BPF program. In backtrack_insn, verifier backtracking processes an invalid kfunc call previously skipped by check_kfunc_call when dead-code elimination leaves the instruction reachable, producing a verifier warning. Low-privilege local access is required; the published impact is limited to availability, with no confidentiality or integrity loss.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-52928
Published
Mar 27, 2025
Updated
May 11, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499
Attack vector
local
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 27, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=5.13
  2. Affected versionversion=e6ac2450d6dee3121cd8bbf2907b78a68a8a353d <6e2fac197de2c4c041bdd8982cffb104689113f1
  3. Affected versionversion=e6ac2450d6dee3121cd8bbf2907b78a68a8a353d <74eec8266f37aff609db6a2f2b093e56a11c28c4
  4. Affected versionversion=e6ac2450d6dee3121cd8bbf2907b78a68a8a353d <d3178e8a434b58678d99257c0387810a24042fb6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=5.13; version=e6ac2450d6dee3121cd8bbf2907b78a68a8a353d <6e2fac197de2c4c041bdd8982cffb104689113f1; version=e6ac2450d6dee3121cd8bbf2907b78a68a8a353d <74eec8266f37aff609db6a2f2b093e56a11c28c4; version=e6ac2450d6dee3121cd8bbf2907b78a68a8a353d <d3178e8a434b58678d99257c0387810a24042fb6

Published CVSS scores

5.5UbuntuCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5Amazon LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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