CVE-2023-52484

Local CPU soft lockup via unbounded SMMU invalidations

Published Feb 29, 2024 · Updated May 11, 2026

Improper locking in Linux kernel 5.12 allows local users to hang a CPU through an ARM SMMU v3 SVA memory-unmapping operation. The arm_smmu_mm_invalidate_range path issues one TLB invalidation command per page without enforcing the CPU-side operation threshold, so a large range monopolizes the command queue. The path is reachable only when ARM SMMU v3 shared virtual addressing is active; triggering it causes a watchdog-reported soft lockup and local service interruption.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.17%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper locking in Linux kernel 5.12 allows local users to hang a CPU through an ARM SMMU v3 SVA memory-unmapping operation. The arm_smmu_mm_invalidate_range path issues one TLB invalidation command per page without enforcing the CPU-side operation threshold, so a large range monopolizes the command queue. The path is reachable only when ARM SMMU v3 shared virtual addressing is active; triggering it causes a watchdog-reported soft lockup and local service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-52484
Published
Feb 29, 2024
Updated
May 11, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
CWE-667, T1499
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 29, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

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  1. Affected versionversion=5.12
  2. Affected versionversion=51d113c3be09ff5b916576b1109daf413549cacc <3283a1bce9bbc978059f790b84f3c10c32492429
  3. Affected versionversion=51d113c3be09ff5b916576b1109daf413549cacc <d5afb4b47e13161b3f33904d45110f9e6463bad6
  4. Affected versionversion=51d113c3be09ff5b916576b1109daf413549cacc <f5a604757aa8e37ea9c7011dc9da54fa1b30f29b
  5. Affected versionversion=51d113c3be09ff5b916576b1109daf413549cacc <f90f4c562003ac3d3b135c5a40a5383313f27264

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=5.12; version=51d113c3be09ff5b916576b1109daf413549cacc <3283a1bce9bbc978059f790b84f3c10c32492429; version=51d113c3be09ff5b916576b1109daf413549cacc <d5afb4b47e13161b3f33904d45110f9e6463bad6; version=51d113c3be09ff5b916576b1109daf413549cacc <f5a604757aa8e37ea9c7011dc9da54fa1b30f29b; version=51d113c3be09ff5b916576b1109daf413549cacc <f90f4c562003ac3d3b135c5a40a5383313f27264

Published CVSS scores

5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-667Improper Locking
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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