CVE-2023-52041Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via unsanitized DDNS fields

Published Jan 16, 2024 · Updated Jun 17, 2025

Command injection in TOTOLINK X6000R firmware 9.4.0cu.852_B20230719 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via DDNS settings. The shttpd sub_410118 handler passes the provider, username, and password fields to Uci_Set_Str, which concatenates them with snprintf and sends the resulting string to CsteSystem for execution. The exposed cstecgi.cgi setDdnsCfg request requires no authentication, and injected shell commands run in the router's command context.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.86%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in TOTOLINK X6000R firmware 9.4.0cu.852_B20230719 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via DDNS settings. The shttpd sub_410118 handler passes the provider, username, and password fields to Uci_Set_Str, which concatenates them with snprintf and sends the resulting string to CsteSystem for execution. The exposed cstecgi.cgi setDdnsCfg request requires no authentication, and injected shell commands run in the router's command context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-52041
Published
Jan 16, 2024
Updated
Jun 17, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 16, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 17, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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