CVE-2023-51939Public exploit

Signing-key disclosure via unverified faulted signatures

Published Feb 1, 2024 · Updated Jun 16, 2025

Fault injection in RELIC Toolkit 0.6.0 allows local users to recover BBS signing-key material through Rowhammer-induced faulty signatures. The cp_bbs_sig implementation releases signatures without verifying them, so induced secret-key bit flips produce faulty signatures that expose key information. Exploitation requires a malicious process sharing DRAM with the signing process and enough faulty signatures to recover the secret key.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.93%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Fault injection in RELIC Toolkit 0.6.0 allows local users to recover BBS signing-key material through Rowhammer-induced faulty signatures. The cp_bbs_sig implementation releases signatures without verifying them, so induced secret-key bit flips produce faulty signatures that expose key information. Exploitation requires a malicious process sharing DRAM with the signing process and enough faulty signatures to recover the secret key.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-51939
Published
Feb 1, 2024
Updated
Jun 16, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-74
Attack vector
local
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 1, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 16, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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