CVE-2023-51812Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via unvalidated list parameter

Published Jan 4, 2024 · Updated Jun 3, 2025

Command injection in Tenda AX3 firmware 16.03.12.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the list parameter. SetNetControlList passes list through sscanf without validation to add_Tc_Traffic_Control in libtd_server.so, which formats it for doSystemCommand. No authentication header appears in the published HTTP proof of concept, and injected id and whoami commands run with the router service's privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.05%
Next 30 days · Sep 17, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in Tenda AX3 firmware 16.03.12.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the list parameter. SetNetControlList passes list through sscanf without validation to add_Tc_Traffic_Control in libtd_server.so, which formats it for doSystemCommand. No authentication header appears in the published HTTP proof of concept, and injected id and whoami commands run with the router service's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-51812
Published
Jan 4, 2024
Updated
Jun 3, 2025
Vendor
Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co., Ltd.
Product
AX3 Firmware
Classifications
CWE-77, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 4, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=16.03.12.11

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co., Ltd. · AX3 Firmwareversion=16.03.12.11

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 11, 2026Sep 17, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 17, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059.004Command and Scripting Interpreter: Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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