CVE-2023-51653Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via JMX JNDI lookup

Published Feb 22, 2024 · Updated Apr 22, 2025

JNDI injection in Apache HertzBeat before 1.4.1 allows remote attackers to execute code through a crafted JMX service URL. JmxCollectImpl passes the URL supplied to /api/monitor/detect into JMXConnectorFactory.connect, which resolves an attacker-controlled RMI reference through HikariJNDIFactory and an H2 trigger. Exploitation requires network access to the API and an outbound connection to the malicious RMI service, after which commands run in the HertzBeat server context.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability2.11%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

JNDI injection in Apache HertzBeat before 1.4.1 allows remote attackers to execute code through a crafted JMX service URL. JmxCollectImpl passes the URL supplied to /api/monitor/detect into JMXConnectorFactory.connect, which resolves an attacker-controlled RMI reference through HikariJNDIFactory and an H2 trigger. Exploitation requires network access to the API and an outbound connection to the malicious RMI service, after which commands run in the HertzBeat server context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-51653
Published
Feb 22, 2024
Updated
Apr 22, 2025
Vendor
The Apache Software Foundation
Product
Apache HertzBeat
Classifications
CWE-74, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 22, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 22, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.4.1
  2. Affected versionversion=< 1.4.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The Apache Software Foundation · Apache HertzBeatversion=0 <1.4.1; version=< 1.4.1

Published CVSS scores

9.8GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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