CVE-2023-51449Network attack vector

Arbitrary file read via incomplete path containment

Published Dec 22, 2023 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

Path traversal in Gradio before 4.11.0 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary server files through the public /file route. The is_in_or_equal containment helper rejected only relative results beginning with two dots instead of rejecting that traversal component anywhere in the resolved relative path. Exploitation requires a publicly reachable app and knowledge of a target path, and crafted requests must preserve traversal syntax that ordinary browser URLs normalize.

CVSS severity5.6
Medium
EPSS probability28.34%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Path traversal in Gradio before 4.11.0 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary server files through the public /file route. The is_in_or_equal containment helper rejected only relative results beginning with two dots instead of rejecting that traversal component anywhere in the resolved relative path. Exploitation requires a publicly reachable app and knowledge of a target path, and crafted requests must preserve traversal syntax that ordinary browser URLs normalize.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-51449
Published
Dec 22, 2023
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
Gradio
Product
Gradio
Classifications
CWE-22, T1190, T1005
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 22, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 4.11.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Gradio · Gradioversion=< 4.11.0

Published CVSS scores

5.6GitHub CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
8.6GitHub Security AdvisoryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application
T1005Data from Local System

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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