CVE-2023-51389Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated code execution via unsafe YAML constructors

Published Feb 22, 2024 · Updated Aug 22, 2024

Unsafe YAML deserialization in Apache HertzBeat before 1.4.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute code through /api/apps/define/yml. AppService.applyMonitorDefineYml passes request-controlled YAML to SnakeYAML loadAs with Job.class, which validates only the outer type and instantiates attacker-selected nested constructors. Guest-role access reaches the endpoint, and a crafted nested object can trigger JNDI resolution or load a remote JAR, giving the HertzBeat process command-execution capability.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.28%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Unsafe YAML deserialization in Apache HertzBeat before 1.4.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute code through /api/apps/define/yml. AppService.applyMonitorDefineYml passes request-controlled YAML to SnakeYAML loadAs with Job.class, which validates only the outer type and instantiates attacker-selected nested constructors. Guest-role access reaches the endpoint, and a crafted nested object can trigger JNDI resolution or load a remote JAR, giving the HertzBeat process command-execution capability.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-51389
Published
Feb 22, 2024
Updated
Aug 22, 2024
Vendor
The Apache Software Foundation
Product
Apache HertzBeat
Classifications
CWE-502, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 22, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 22, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.4.1
  2. Affected versionversion=< 1.4.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Apache Software Foundation · Apache HertzBeatversion=0 <1.4.1; version=< 1.4.1

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-502Deserialization of Untrusted Data
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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