CVE-2023-51388Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via unrestricted alert expressions

Published Feb 22, 2024 · Updated Aug 14, 2024

Script injection in Apache HertzBeat before 1.4.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through crafted alert expressions. CalculateAlarm.java passes threshold expressions to AviatorEvaluator without a restricted feature set, leaving Java static methods and class-loading primitives available. Unauthenticated network access to the alert-definition and monitor APIs is sufficient, and resulting commands run with the HertzBeat server process privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.30%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Script injection in Apache HertzBeat before 1.4.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through crafted alert expressions. CalculateAlarm.java passes threshold expressions to AviatorEvaluator without a restricted feature set, leaving Java static methods and class-loading primitives available. Unauthenticated network access to the alert-definition and monitor APIs is sufficient, and resulting commands run with the HertzBeat server process privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-51388
Published
Feb 22, 2024
Updated
Aug 14, 2024
Vendor
The Apache Software Foundation
Product
Apache HertzBeat
Classifications
CWE-74, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 22, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 14, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.4.1
  2. Affected versionversion=< 1.4.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The Apache Software Foundation · Apache HertzBeatversion=0 <1.4.1; version=< 1.4.1

Published CVSS scores

9.8NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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