CVE-2023-51277

Local code injection via release debug entitlement

Published Jan 5, 2024 · Updated Jun 3, 2025

Improper release entitlements in nbviewer-app before 0.1.6 allow local users to attach a debugger and inject code into the application. The release target enables get-task-allow through Xcode's injected base entitlements, exposing the signed production process to debugger attachment. Exploitation requires code execution on the same Mac and is bounded to data and operations available within the application's process.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.06%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper release entitlements in nbviewer-app before 0.1.6 allow local users to attach a debugger and inject code into the application. The release target enables get-task-allow through Xcode's injected base entitlements, exposing the signed production process to debugger attachment. Exploitation requires code execution on the same Mac and is bounded to data and operations available within the application's process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-51277
Published
Jan 5, 2024
Updated
Jun 3, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
T1055
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 5, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1055Process Injection

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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