CVE-2023-49259Network attack vector

Account impersonation via predictable authentication cookies

Published Jan 12, 2024 · Updated Jun 20, 2025

Authentication bypass in Hongdian H8951-4G-ESP firmware before build 2310271149 allows remote attackers to impersonate a known user. The cookie generator derives authentication values from the username, a hardcoded secret, and device uptime, leaving a practical brute-force space. No credentials or user interaction are required; successful guessing grants the targeted account's read access without reported write or service impact.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.30%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Hongdian H8951-4G-ESP firmware before build 2310271149 allows remote attackers to impersonate a known user. The cookie generator derives authentication values from the username, a hardcoded secret, and device uptime, leaving a practical brute-force space. No credentials or user interaction are required; successful guessing grants the targeted account's read access without reported write or service impact.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-49259
Published
Jan 12, 2024
Updated
Jun 20, 2025
Vendor
Hongdian
Product
H8951-4G-ESP Firmware
Classifications
CWE-341, CWE-327, CAPEC-114, T1606.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 12, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 20, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <2310271149

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Hongdian · H8951-4G-ESP Firmwareversion=0 <2310271149

Published CVSS scores

7.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
7.5HongdianCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-341Predictable from Observable State
CWE-327Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
CAPEC-114Authentication Abuse
T1606.001Web Cookies

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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