CVE-2023-49257Network attack vector

Root code execution via unrestricted certificate upload

Published Jan 12, 2024 · Updated Jun 11, 2025

Unrestricted file upload in Hongdian H8951-4G-ESP before build 2310271149 allows remote authenticated users to execute code as root. The certificate upload utility accepts an arbitrary CGI-compatible file and makes it executable with root privileges instead of restricting uploads to certificate data. Access to an authenticated router session is required, and successful exploitation grants full control of the appliance.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.32%
Next 30 days · Sep 17, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Unrestricted file upload in Hongdian H8951-4G-ESP before build 2310271149 allows remote authenticated users to execute code as root. The certificate upload utility accepts an arbitrary CGI-compatible file and makes it executable with root privileges instead of restricting uploads to certificate data. Access to an authenticated router session is required, and successful exploitation grants full control of the appliance.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-49257
Published
Jan 12, 2024
Updated
Jun 11, 2025
Vendor
Hongdian
Product
H8951-4G-ESP Firmware
Classifications
CWE-434, CWE-732, CAPEC-176, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 12, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <2310271149

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Hongdian · H8951-4G-ESP Firmwareversion=0 <2310271149

Published CVSS scores

8.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
CWE-732Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
CAPEC-176Configuration/Environment Manipulation
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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