CVE-2023-48028Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Account enumeration via divergent login responses

Published Nov 17, 2023 · Updated Sep 29, 2025

User enumeration in kodbox 1.46.01 allows remote attackers to identify valid accounts through the unauthenticated login endpoint. The /?user/index/loginSubmit handler returns different messages for valid and invalid usernames and applies no login rate limit. No account is required; the disclosed account names support password guessing, while the published behavior does not establish direct data access or code execution.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.11%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

User enumeration in kodbox 1.46.01 allows remote attackers to identify valid accounts through the unauthenticated login endpoint. The /?user/index/loginSubmit handler returns different messages for valid and invalid usernames and applies no login rate limit. No account is required; the disclosed account names support password guessing, while the published behavior does not establish direct data access or code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-48028
Published
Nov 17, 2023
Updated
Sep 29, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-307, T1087
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 17, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-307Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
T1087Account Discovery

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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