CVE-2023-4801

Traffic interception via improper server certificate validation

Published Sep 13, 2023 · Updated Sep 25, 2024

Improper certificate validation in Proofpoint ITM Agent before 7.14.3.69 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to impersonate its server. The registered macOS agent fails to validate the ITM server certificate correctly, permitting an adjacent-network endpoint to interpose on the connection. The agent must already be registered, and Windows, Linux, and Cloud agents are unaffected; Proofpoint has not disclosed the precise validation defect.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.25%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper certificate validation in Proofpoint ITM Agent before 7.14.3.69 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to impersonate its server. The registered macOS agent fails to validate the ITM server certificate correctly, permitting an adjacent-network endpoint to interpose on the connection. The agent must already be registered, and Windows, Linux, and Cloud agents are unaffected; Proofpoint has not disclosed the precise validation defect.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-4801
Published
Sep 13, 2023
Updated
Sep 25, 2024
Vendor
Proofpoint
Product
Insider Threat Management
Classifications
CWE-295, T1557
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 13, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 25, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=7.14.3.69
  2. Affected versionversion=0 <=7.14.3 changes=[{"at":"7.14.3.69","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Proofpoint · Insider Threat Managementversion=0 <=7.14.3.69; version=0 <=7.14.3 changes=[{"at":"7.14.3.69","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5Proofpoint Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-295Improper Certificate Validation
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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