CVE-2023-46245Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated RCE via malicious Twig upload

Published Oct 31, 2023 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

Server-Side Template Injection in Kimai before 2.1.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute code through invoice rendering. The invoice renderer passes an uploaded Twig template to Twig without neutralizing template expressions, so a crafted file invokes operating-system commands when an invoice or PDF is rendered. Exploitation requires an authenticated account able to upload invoice documents and trigger rendering, yielding arbitrary code execution with the Kimai server's privileges.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability1.47%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-Side Template Injection in Kimai before 2.1.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute code through invoice rendering. The invoice renderer passes an uploaded Twig template to Twig without neutralizing template expressions, so a crafted file invokes operating-system commands when an invoice or PDF is rendered. Exploitation requires an authenticated account able to upload invoice documents and trigger rendering, yielding arbitrary code execution with the Kimai server's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-46245
Published
Oct 31, 2023
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
Kimai
Product
Kimai
Classifications
CWE-1336, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 31, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.1.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Kimai · Kimaiversion=< 2.1.0

Published CVSS scores

7.2NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1336Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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