CVE-2023-46232Network attack vector

Contract-state corruption via unset immutable index

Published Oct 25, 2023 · Updated Sep 10, 2024

First immutable variable initialization in ZKsync Vyper Compiler before 1.3.10 allows remote attackers to alter contract state via crafted String or Array layouts. The compiler leaves the second word index unset when allocated 256-bit words exceed initialized words, so ImmutableSimulator index zero is overwritten and the first immutable value is corrupted. Exploitation requires compiling and deploying a contract matching those layout conditions; the consequence is integrity corruption of immutable data, with no reported confidentiality or availability impact.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.56%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

First immutable variable initialization in ZKsync Vyper Compiler before 1.3.10 allows remote attackers to alter contract state via crafted String or Array layouts. The compiler leaves the second word index unset when allocated 256-bit words exceed initialized words, so ImmutableSimulator index zero is overwritten and the first immutable value is corrupted. Exploitation requires compiling and deploying a contract matching those layout conditions; the consequence is integrity corruption of immutable data, with no reported confidentiality or availability impact.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-46232
Published
Oct 25, 2023
Updated
Sep 10, 2024
Vendor
Matter Labs
Product
ZKsync Vyper Compiler
Classifications
CWE-471
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 25, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 10, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.3.10
  2. Affected versionversion=< 1.3.10

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Matter Labs · ZKsync Vyper Compilerversion=0 <1.3.10; version=< 1.3.10

Published CVSS scores

5.3NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-471Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID)

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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