CVE-2023-46116Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Code execution via unrestricted external URL schemes

Published Dec 15, 2023 · Updated Oct 8, 2024

Improper URL validation in Tuta Mail before 3.118.12 allows remote attackers to execute code through a malicious email link. ApplicationWindow.ts blocks only file: links before passing every other parsed URL scheme to Electron's shell.openExternal handler. Exploitation requires the recipient to use the desktop client and click the link; the published proof of concept executes a downloaded desktop file on Ubuntu XFCE, with an additional confirmation in some cases.

CVSS severity9.3
Critical
EPSS probability1.26%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper URL validation in Tuta Mail before 3.118.12 allows remote attackers to execute code through a malicious email link. ApplicationWindow.ts blocks only file: links before passing every other parsed URL scheme to Electron's shell.openExternal handler. Exploitation requires the recipient to use the desktop client and click the link; the published proof of concept executes a downloaded desktop file on Ubuntu XFCE, with an additional confirmation in some cases.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-46116
Published
Dec 15, 2023
Updated
Oct 8, 2024
Vendor
Tutao GmbH
Product
Tuta Mail
Classifications
CWE-20, T1204.001, T1566.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 15, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 8, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 3.118.12

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Tutao GmbH · Tuta Mailversion=< 3.118.12

Published CVSS scores

8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-20Improper Input Validation
T1204.001Malicious Link
T1566.002Spearphishing Link

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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