CVE-2023-45584Network attack vector

Privileged code execution via automation-stitch double free

Published Aug 12, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

Double free in Fortinet FortiOS, FortiProxy, and FortiPAM allows remote authenticated users to execute code via crafted web requests. The GUI automation-stitch component frees the same memory allocation twice while processing a crafted HTTP or HTTPS request. Privileged administrative access is required, and successful exploitation executes unauthorized code or commands on the appliance.

CVSS severityUnavailable
Unscored
EPSS probability0.57%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Double free in Fortinet FortiOS, FortiProxy, and FortiPAM allows remote authenticated users to execute code via crafted web requests. The GUI automation-stitch component frees the same memory allocation twice while processing a crafted HTTP or HTTPS request. Privileged administrative access is required, and successful exploitation executes unauthorized code or commands on the appliance.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-45584
Published
Aug 12, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
Fortinet
Product
FortiOS
Classifications
CWE-415
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 12, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=6.4.0 <=6.4.16
  2. Affected versionversion=7.0.0 <=7.0.12
  3. Affected versionversion=7.2.0 <=7.2.5
  4. Affected versionversion=7.4.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Fortinet · FortiOSversion=6.4.0 <=6.4.16; version=7.0.0 <=7.0.12; version=7.2.0 <=7.2.5; version=7.4.0
Fortinet · FortiPAMversion=1.0.0 <=1.0.3; version=1.1.0 <=1.1.2
Fortinet · FortiProxyversion=7.0.0 <=7.0.13; version=7.2.0 <=7.2.7; version=7.4.0 <=7.4.1

Published CVSS scores

6.3FortinetCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:C

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-415Double Free

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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