CVE-2023-45158Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via shell-interpolated log messages

Published Oct 16, 2023 · Updated Sep 18, 2024

OS command injection in web2py 2.24.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted web requests. The notifySendHandler.emit method interpolates the formatted log message into a shell command passed to os.system without neutralization. Exploitation requires the non-default notifySendHandler logging configuration, and successful commands run with the web server's privileges.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability3.69%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in web2py 2.24.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted web requests. The notifySendHandler.emit method interpolates the formatted log message into a shell command passed to os.system without neutralization. Exploitation requires the non-default notifySendHandler logging configuration, and successful commands run with the web server's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-45158
Published
Oct 16, 2023
Updated
Sep 18, 2024
Vendor
web2py
Product
web2py
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 16, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 18, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.24.1 and earlier

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

web2py · web2pyversion=2.24.1 and earlier

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.1JPCERT/CC and IPA JVNCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.8JPCERT/CC and IPA JVNAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Command and Scripting Interpreter: Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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