CVE-2023-45133Public exploit

Code execution via inherited method evaluation

Published Oct 12, 2023 · Updated Feb 13, 2025

Code injection in Babel @babel/traverse before 7.23.2 allows attackers to execute JavaScript by compiling crafted source. The same flaw affects 8.0.0-alpha.0 through 8.0.0-alpha.3; _evaluate accepts inherited Number, String, or Math methods and invokes attacker-created functions during object coercion. Exploitation requires untrusted source to reach path.evaluate() or path.evaluateTruthy() through an affected plugin, and code runs with the compiler process's privileges.

CVSS severity9.3
Critical
EPSS probability0.52%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Babel @babel/traverse before 7.23.2 allows attackers to execute JavaScript by compiling crafted source. The same flaw affects 8.0.0-alpha.0 through 8.0.0-alpha.3; _evaluate accepts inherited Number, String, or Math methods and invokes attacker-created functions during object coercion. Exploitation requires untrusted source to reach path.evaluate() or path.evaluateTruthy() through an affected plugin, and code runs with the compiler process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-45133
Published
Oct 12, 2023
Updated
Feb 13, 2025
Vendor
Babel
Product
Babel
Classifications
CWE-697, CWE-184, T1203
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 12, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 7.23.2
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 8.0.0-alpha.0, < 8.0.0-alpha.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Babel · Babelversion=< 7.23.2; version=>= 8.0.0-alpha.0, < 8.0.0-alpha.4

Published CVSS scores

8.8NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-697Incorrect Comparison
CWE-184Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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