CVE-2023-45130Network attack vector

Parachain stall via unbounded SUICIDE storage deletion

Published Oct 13, 2023 · Updated Sep 17, 2024

Resource exhaustion in Frontier 0.1.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to stall a parachain through a crafted contract transaction. The EVM pallet's remove_account path synchronously calls AccountStorages::remove_prefix without a limit while SUICIDE receives only a fixed cost, placing every deleted storage value in the proof-of-validity data. Exploitation requires a storage-heavy contract and inclusion of its SUICIDE transaction in a parachain block; an oversized proof prevents relay-chain validation and stalls the parachain.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.89%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Resource exhaustion in Frontier 0.1.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to stall a parachain through a crafted contract transaction. The EVM pallet's remove_account path synchronously calls AccountStorages::remove_prefix without a limit while SUICIDE receives only a fixed cost, placing every deleted storage value in the proof-of-validity data. Exploitation requires a storage-heavy contract and inclusion of its SUICIDE transaction in a parachain block; an oversized proof prevents relay-chain validation and stalls the parachain.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-45130
Published
Oct 13, 2023
Updated
Sep 17, 2024
Vendor
Parity Technologies
Product
Frontier
Classifications
CWE-770, T1499
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 13, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 17, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=<= 0.1.0
  2. Affected versionversion=0 <aea528198b3b226e0d20cce878551fd4c0e3d5d0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Parity Technologies · Frontierversion=<= 0.1.0; version=0 <aea528198b3b226e0d20cce878551fd4c0e3d5d0

Published CVSS scores

7.5GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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