CVE-2023-45025Network attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via undisclosed network input

Published Feb 2, 2024 · Updated Jun 16, 2025

OS command injection in QNAP QTS, QuTS hero, and QuTScloud allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a network interface. QNAP has not disclosed the affected component, the parameter that reaches an operating-system command, or the configuration that exposes it. Exploitation requires an unspecified system configuration and no privileges or user interaction; successful attacks can read or alter data and interrupt NAS services.

CVSS severity9.0
Critical
EPSS probability1.13%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in QNAP QTS, QuTS hero, and QuTScloud allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a network interface. QNAP has not disclosed the affected component, the parameter that reaches an operating-system command, or the configuration that exposes it. Exploitation requires an unspecified system configuration and no privileges or user interaction; successful attacks can read or alter data and interrupt NAS services.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-45025
Published
Feb 2, 2024
Updated
Jun 16, 2025
Vendor
Linn Products Limited
Product
QuTS hero
Classifications
CWE-78, CWE-77, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 2, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 16, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=h4.5.x <h4.5.4.2626 build 20231225
  2. Affected versionversion=h5.1.x <h5.1.4.2596 build 20231128

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Linn Products Limited · QuTS heroversion=h4.5.x <h4.5.4.2626 build 20231225; version=h5.1.x <h5.1.4.2596 build 20231128
Linn Products Limited · QuTScloudversion=c5.x.x <c5.1.5.2651
Linn Products Limited · QTSversion=4.5.x <4.5.4.2627 build 20231225; version=5.1.x <5.1.4.2596 build 20231128

Published CVSS scores

9.0QNAP Systems, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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