CVE-2023-4450Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated command execution via FreeMarker template injection

Published Aug 21, 2023 · Updated Jul 2, 2025

Server-side template injection in JimuReport 1.6.0 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute operating-system commands. The queryFieldBySql endpoint evaluates attacker-controlled SQL results as FreeMarker templates, permitting instantiation of freemarker.template.utility.Execute. Low-privileged access and network reachability are sufficient, and executed commands inherit the JimuReport service account's permissions.

CVSS severity6.3
Medium
EPSS probability11.59%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-side template injection in JimuReport 1.6.0 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute operating-system commands. The queryFieldBySql endpoint evaluates attacker-controlled SQL results as FreeMarker templates, permitting instantiation of freemarker.template.utility.Execute. Low-privileged access and network reachability are sufficient, and executed commands inherit the JimuReport service account's permissions.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-4450
Published
Aug 21, 2023
Updated
Jul 2, 2025
Vendor
Beijing Guoju Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Product
JimuReport
Classifications
CWE-74, T1190, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 21, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 2, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.0
  2. Affected versionversion=1.1
  3. Affected versionversion=1.2
  4. Affected versionversion=1.3
  5. Affected versionversion=1.4
  6. Affected versionversion=1.5
  7. Affected versionversion=1.6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Beijing Guoju Information Technology Co., Ltd. · JimuReportversion=1.0; version=1.1; version=1.2; version=1.3; version=1.4; version=1.5; version=1.6

Published CVSS scores

6.3VulDB CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
6.3VulDB CNACVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
9.8National Vulnerability DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.5VulDB CNAAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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